Having studying intraspecific variation of recombination speed for the maize, we written two half of-sib panels, one having Reduction plus one to own Flint inbred outlines. Reduction and you will Flint are two maize gene swimming pools which might be important to possess crossbreed breeding in European countries . Both half-sib panels made up all in all, twenty four full-sib families. The new Reduction committee constitutes 10 crosses regarding a central Drop inbred range (F353) that have varied Drop inventor inbreds of the Eu Reduction gene pool which were created in Europe and you can North america. On the Flint committee a main Flint inbred range (UH007) are entered so you can 11 naturally varied Flint maker inbreds of one’s European Flint breeding procedure. The fresh Flint originator lines result from very early maize introductions to help you The country of spain and additionally regarding thus-titled Northern Flints from France and you can Germany. On the other hand, a couple mutual crosses among them central Dent and you will Flint lines was indeed analyzed plus each committee you to definitely mix with the United states Drop range B73 try provided since a link with the united states nested association mapping (NAM) populace .
Here, we report on the analysis of the variation of recombination rate in 23 populations of maize using SNPs from the MaizeSNP50 BeadChip . All populations consist of doubled haploid (DH) lines obtained by in vivo haploid induction . DH lines produced with this method reflect female meiosis. Unlike F2 or RILs, DH lines have the great advantage that the genetic information of each gamete is directly observed. Our objectives were to analyze intraspecific variation for (1) GWRR and chromosome-wide recombination rate, (2) recombination landscape along chromosomes, and (3) CO interference, using high-density genetic linkage maps. We found significant differences of GWRR between individual populations as well as between Dent ? Dent versus Flint ? Flint populations, but not between the Dent and Flint gene pools in general. GWRR was not correlated with the genetic structure of the lines as inferred from admixture analysis. We analyzed the recombination landscapes in all populations and found significant differences between individual populations and between pools. Finally, we characterized quantitatively the interfering and non-interfering CO formation pathways and found a negative correlation over all chromosomes between interference intensity of pathway P1 and GWRR.
Efficiency
We constructed two half-sib panels comprising a total of 24 maize full-sib families of DH lines for the analysis of intraspecific variation of recombination rates. The full-sib families within the two panels represent the diversity of important founder lines of the European Dent and Flint germplasm, respectively (Table 1; Additional file 1). In the Dent panel (prefix CFD), all full-sib families have the same common parental line F353 which was crossed to diverse Dent founder lines. The common parent of the Flint full-sib families (prefix CFF) is line UH007, which was crossed to diverse Flint founder lines. numer telefonu christian cupid 1 plants for in vivo haploid induction, so our maps reflect only female meioses. Details on the diversity analysis of the parental lines are given in Additional file 2.
In most crosses, the new haploid inducer range was utilized because men father or mother when entered on the F
Given that an initial step-in the research from recombination, private genetic charts was indeed built to possess 23 outside of the twenty four communities and each of your own 10 chromosomes. Map analytics are supplied during the Desk step one with details within the More document 3, and the over list of marker ranks in most charts which have new intense segregation info is offered into the Most file cuatro. Overall, 39,439 SNPs of the MaizeSNP50 variety will be mapped inside the at least you to population. Total communities, around 33,884 COs was indeed seen in 2,233 women meioses and, normally, 11,988 SNPs was indeed mapped in a single provided populace. An average for Drop ? Dent populations (every CFD but CFD01) try 13,247 markers mapped as well as for Flint ? Flint populations (most of the CFF except CFF01 and you can CFF02) the typical is actually nine,874. Having society CFF05, hence comprised just 34 DHs, no steady map was received. The entire period of genetic maps ranged from 1,180 centiMorgan (cM) when you look at the society CFD05 to at least one,893 cM in CFF03 that have a mean of just one,508 ± 185 cM (indicate ± fundamental departure). The common hereditary chart size on ten Dent ? Drop communities (CFD02 to help you CFD12) try step 1,353 ± 99 cM, while the eleven genetic maps off Flint ? Flint communities (CFF03 to CFF15) had been, an average of, lengthened within 1,645 ± 154 cM. The three charts out-of crosses ranging from Drop and you may Flint parents (CFD01, CFF01, CFF02) had an intermediate average amount of 1,570 ± 85 cM. The largest gap in the a genetic map is actually 53.7 cM toward long arm off chromosome eight (7L) when you look at the people CFF13, where zero SNPs was indeed polymorphic involving the parents, most likely due to title-by-descent (IBD). Information regarding genome-greater variety and you may IBD areas ranging from moms and dads of the mapping populations have Even more file 2. Synteny and you can colinearity of your own genetic maps try compared to the new B73 AGPv2 genome system. Typically, a high contract is actually discovered, proving the newest large texture out of marker acquisition all over populations, that have few exclusions given that described for the A lot more document 2.