He defended Catholicism and its compatibility having Western area, which had been controversial at the time, to have Catholics was a small minority that numerous Protestant Americans viewed with doubt. For more into the Orestes Brownson, click.
Buddha: It practically form one who possess “awakened,” getting together with enlightenment and you will escaping resurgence (get a hold of samsara). In addition, it is the identity supplied to Siddhartha Gautama, new inventor of your Buddhist faith (Esposito ainsi que al. 2012a: G-6).
Buddha-nature: Brand new natural substance of the many sentient beings that enable these with the potential for Buddhahood. This can be a popular religion during the Chinese Buddhism (Smith and you will Green 1995: 129).
Buddhism: A world faith founded by Siddhartha Gautama, the fresh new Buddha about sixth otherwise fifth century BCE in the Asia. Teaching reincarnation and Nago in Japan wives you may independence of economic attachments, Buddhism keeps around three major twigs: Theravada, Mahayana and you may Vajrayana. Centered on Buddhism, the origin out of suffering is inspired by lack of knowledge, and this one must proceed with the Eightfold Path to arrived at nirvana. Buddhism earliest involved America courtesy Chinese immigration (Prothero 2008: 205-206).
Bureaucracy: Because the chatted about by the Maximum Weber (1946), bureaucratic options is actually listed because of the a system from rules one to control business conclusion and procedures, and the exposure out of a well-laid out steps certainly one of ranks from inside the bureaucratic purchase. Bureaucracy is actually a particularly of use lens having expertise business beginning and you can emerging organizations, because it provides a construction to possess looking at the latest formalization processes in this groups. On religious domain, because the the fresh church buildings was started, the new denominations appear additionally the parachurch markets continues to grow, bureaucracy is actually an approach to research this new trajectory ones organizations as they establish from a thought so you’re able to a completely performing company (Weber 1946).
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Caliph: A concept toward governmental frontrunner of your own Muslim community. Sunni Muslims believe that more accredited individual are going to be decided once the a caliph, while Shi’ite Muslims believe that this new caliph will happen regarding bloodline from Ali, Muhammad’s relative and you can young buck-in-legislation (Esposito 2011: 43).
Calvinism: Also known as Reformed theology, Calvinism is actually an effective Protestant theological society in line with the performs of John Calvin (1509-1564). Calvin noticed regarding absolute sovereignty out of Jesus and full depravity out of individuals. Calvinism comes with new doctrine of twice predestination: the belief that Goodness fated most of the human, ahead of birth, so you can often eden or hell (Prothero 2008: 207).
Cane Ridge Camp Meeting: Barton Brick arranged the brand new Cane Ridge camp meeting (1801), the biggest and more than popular spiritual renewal of the Next High Waking. They took place when you look at the Bourbon County, Kentucky, and he greet Presbyterian, Baptist and you will Methodist preachers. More resources for Cane Ridge Camp Meeting, click the link.
Canon Rules: Church laws or decrees provided by an enthusiastic ecclesiastical expert for ruling certain chapel. It gives new obligations of the clergy and you will laity, missionary factors, Catholic education, worship and also the sacraments (Reid mais aussi al. 1990: 219-220).
Cardinal: A beneficial papal-appointed position regarding Roman Catholic Chapel responsible for electing new popes. The expression originally put on all the clergy which have permanent ranking. Currently, there are other than 100 cardinals (Reid et al. 1990: 223).
Carroll, John (1735-1815): John Carroll served since basic Catholic bishop on Joined Says and you can helped develop the fresh Catholic Chapel domestically. More resources for John Carroll, view here.
In the Roman Catholicism, there’s a reputation scientific series going back the latest 11th century, although earliest password out-of cannon rules try promulgated during the 1917, and you will are modified once or twice as the its the start
Status System: An elaborate network away from interdependent, yet broke up, genetic, occupationally specialized, and you can hierarchal personal organizations inside India. It is a distinctive societal institution for the India, directed from the spiritual prices for the Hinduism, yet transcending Hinduism in the same way one low-Hindus are also susceptible to the latest status system. The dwelling of your own status program will be tracked back thousands of ages. Specific scholars has has just expected the brand new emphasis of one’s status program given that a decisive icon out-of Indian area and you may society. Particular students actually suggest that the brand new status experience a current creativity because of the fall away from Hindu leaders regarding the medieval months, otherwise because of United kingdom colonial rule (Smith and you will Eco-friendly 1995: 182-185).