Very first correlations ranging from demographic variables and you can dad-child matchmaking quality revealed that father ages, knowledge, domestic money, and you will race/ethnicity was in fact significantly from the dad-man dating; as such, these 
Architectural Picture Models
In the model testing associations between controls, father relationships with PGF, father involvement, and father-child relationship quality, multiple associations were significant. Father race/ethnicity was assessed via dummy coded variables (White vs. Black, Hispanic, and Other), and both Black and Hispanic fathers were significantly associated with father-child relationship quality. Children of Black and Hispanic fathers reported lower quality relationships relative to children of White fathers, ? = ?.11, p < .01 and ? = ?.06, p < .01, respectively; having the Other racial/ethnic background was not associated with father-child relationship quality. Fathers' age, ? = .05, p < .05, education level, ? = .08, p < .01, and household income, ? = .06, p < .05, also were positively associated with father-child relationship quality, such that older, more educated, and higher income fathers had children who reported higher father-child relationship quality at age 9.
Regarding the primary associations of interest, results of the model indicated that, when fathers reported at the time of their children’s births that PGF were more involved when the father was growing up, fathers also reported having better relationships with PGF at child age 1, ? = .49, p < .001. The association between PGF involvement during fathers' childhood and father involvement with their own children at age 1 also was significant, ? = .06, p < .05, and fathers who reported better relationships with PGFs at child age 1 also concurrently were more involved with their own children at child age 1, ? = .08, p < .01.When fathers were more involved with their children at age 1, their children reported higher quality relationships with fathers at age 9, ? = .24, p < .001, and father involvement at age 1 fully mediated associations between father-PGF relationships and father-child relationship quality at age 9 (no significant direct associations existed in the model between PGF variables and father-child relationship quality). Thus, the study results support the hypothesis that greater PGF involvement during childhood is associated with higher-quality father-child relationships, and that these associations are mediated by current relationships between fathers and PGF and current father involvement with their own children at age 1. However, the proposed structural model only provided a marginal fit to the data, with ? 2 (122) = , p < .05; CFI = .88; and RMSEA = .08. Overall, this model explained 11% of the variation in age 9 father-child relationship quality (see Figure 2 ).
Fathers’ resident status was looked at while the a beneficial moderator, earliest researching dads who were continuously nonresident over the nine many years so you can dads who have been citizen at the very least part of the date (elizabeth.grams., citizen within Beginning, although not at years 1, otherwise nonresident at the Birth, but resident in the decades step one and you will age 9). The fresh new habits did not differ of the resident position, ?? 2 (7) = 12.4, ns. Next, i compared continuously citizen fathers with consistently nonresident dads and you may dads who have been citizen throughout one or more revolution of information collection; this type of designs as well as didn’t differ from the resident reputation, ?? dos (12) = , ns.
Dialogue
The outcome predicated on research about dads and children off brand new Fragile Family members and you will Child Really-Getting Studies contain the fresh theory one a father’s connection with the fresh new PGF plus PGF wedding from inside the dad’s childhood carry out cause higher father-guy matchmaking top quality. The current analysis results in the rationale of those matchmaking by the indicating that this pathway was totally mediated from the father’s involvement during the early years of this new child’s lifestyle. The first involvement of your PGF within the dad’s childhood is related on relationships quality involving the PGF additionally the father on the latest birth of your own son. Each other PGF prior to involvement inside dad’s youngsters in addition to current top-notch brand new PGF-dad matchmaking in the event the boy are 1 year dated predict the fresh new dad’s quantity of engagement from the years 1 of the kid’s lives, which then is from the boy records off father-kid relationship quality in the event the boy are 9 years old.